http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,24800+1+24411,00.html, Marianne Sarkis, July 19, 2000

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/fgm1.html, Borgna Brunner, July 21, 2000

Walker, Alice and Pratibha Parmar. Warrior Marks. New York: Harcourt Braces and Company, 1999.